Hypertension is a medical term for high blood pressure, which is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries (blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the other body parts). 

The Philippine Heart Association–Council on Hypertension Report on Survey of Hypertension (PRESYON study series) found that around 37% of Filipinos have hypertension.

Understanding blood pressure

A blood pressure reading can be taken with a blood pressure cuff. There are two numbers in a blood pressure reading:

• Systolic pressure: This is the top number and measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats.

• Diastolic pressure: This is the bottom number and measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart is at rest between beats.

According to the Philippine Heart Association, normal blood pressure is usually below 120/80 mmHg. Blood pressure levels can be categorized as follows:

Normal

• Systolic pressure (mmHg): <120 and

• Diastolic pressure (mmHg): <80.

Elevated

• Systolic pressure (mmHg): 120-129 and

• Diastolic pressure (mmHg): <80.

Hypertension Stage 1

• Systolic pressure (mmHg): 130-139 or

• Diastolic pressure (mmHg): 80-89.

Hypertension Stage 2

• Systolic pressure (mmHg): ≥140 or

• Diastolic pressure (mmHg): ≥90.

Hypertensive Crisis

• Systolic pressure (mmHg): >180 and/or

• Diastolic pressure (mmHg): >120.

It’s best to contact a doctor immediately if you or someone you know is experiencing a hypertensive crisis.

Why is hypertension a problem?

High blood pressure means your heart is working harder than normal to pump blood, and this can put extra strain on your heart and arteries. 

Over time, this can lead to serious health problems, such as:

• Damage to the arteries

• Heart disease

• Stroke

• Vascular dementia

• Kidney damage

• Eye problems

• Nerve damage

Symptoms of hypertension

Most people with hypertension don’t experience any symptoms, even at high blood pressure levels. However, some people with very high blood pressure may experience:

• Severe headaches

• Chest pain

• Dizziness

• Blurred vision or other vision changes

• Difficulty breathing

• Nausea

• Vomiting

• Buzzing in the ears

Seek medical care immediately if you are experiencing these symptoms and have a high blood pressure reading.

How can you manage hypertension?

There are several ways you can manage and control high blood pressure. Here are some doctor-recommended tips:

• Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. 

• Limit salt (sodium), saturated fats, and added sugars.

• Aim to consume less than 2,300 milligrams of sodium a day, and ideally closer to 1,500 milligrams if you have hypertension.

• Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week, such as walking, jogging, swimming, or biking.

• Quit smoking, as smoking damages your blood vessels and raises your blood pressure.

• Limit yourself to one 8-ounce cup of coffee per day (80 to 100 milligrams of caffeine).

• Practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing, meditation, or yoga.

• Your doctor may prescribe medication to manage your blood pressure. Always follow your doctor’s instructions regarding medication. Common hypertension medications include:

• Diuretics (to help your body get rid of excess salt and water)

• ACE inhibitors

• Beta-blockers

• Calcium channel blockers

• Ask your doctor how often and what time of day to take your blood pressure.

• Ensure you get 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night. Poor sleep can negatively affect your blood pressure.

By making these changes, you can help keep your blood pressure in check and reduce your risk of more serious health issues. 

Always consult with a healthcare professional before making any significant changes to your lifestyle or medication regimen.